Effort Expenditure for Reward Task - EEfRT

Technical Manual

Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Created: September 28, 2015

Last Modified: July 16, 2026 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com), Millisecond

Script Copyright © Millisecond Software, LLC

Background

This script implements the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT); a measure of reward motivation for physical work. The implemented procedure is based on Treadway et al (2009).

References

Treadway MT, Buckholtz JW, Schwartzman AN, Lambert WE, Zald DH (2009) Worth the ‘EEfRT’? The Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as an Objective Measure of Motivation and Anhedonia. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006598

Duration

23 minutes

Description

Participants have to select between an Easy and a Hard task. Both tasks involve pressing the Spacebar for a predetermined amount of time. The Hard task offers more money (in this script: 8 variable amounts) but is harder and takes twice as long. Participants make their selection knowingly under 3 different win probabilities (aka they might not win money even if they are successful; particularly not if the win probabilities are low). By default, E selects the Easy task and I selects the Hard task (can be edited under section Editable Parameters).

Procedure

Practice:
- 4 trials: The first 2 trials provide the choices (Easy->Hard; if something else is chosen, the choice is "corrected");
for the last 2 trials participants are free to choose either task.
Reward Amounts for the Hard Task (same as for test) are selected randomly from 4 options (without replacement);
Win probabilities (same as for test) are randomly selected (with replacement).
In this script, practice trial provide a reminder description of the tasks for the "Ready" screen (Ready screen is presented for 2000ms)

Test:
- 20 minutes total: the number of trials run per participant during that timeframe depends on
- how fast they make their selection
- the type of task they select
- how fast they complete the task
(Treadway et al, 2009, p.4, only use the first 50 trials per participant for their data analyses:
Mean trials completed = 54, SD =4.74, Range = 47–69 trials).

- 3 win probabilities: 88%, 50%, 12% (can be edited under section Editable List; the probabilities are 'true' probabilities and not frequencies)
- hard task reward amounts: $1.24-$4.30 (in this script: in steps of $0.43)
=> 8 levels (1.24,1.68,2.11,2.55,2.99,3.43,3.86,4.3; mean = 2.77)
- each level of probability (3) is paired with each level of hard task reward (8) twice within every 48 trials in this script
=> expected money for successfully completing hard task for (every) 48 trials: $2.77 * 48 * average(0.12, 0.5, 0.88) = $66.48
=> IF twice as many (successful) easy trials are run in the same time frame: = $1 * (2 * 48) * average(0.12, 0.5, 0.88) = $48
=> a maximum payoff can be set in this script (if it's reached, the task is terminated)
- the presentation of the different combinations of hard reward tasks x probabilities was randomized for 2 lists of 48 trials and is presented
in fixed order to each participant (see list.rewards_hard).


Trial Sequence:
Selection Screen (max. 5000ms)*->Ready Screen (1000ms)->Task Screen (max.7s or max.21s)->success/failure feedback screen (2000ms)->potentially win screen (2000ms)

•If no selection is made within 5000ms, the computer randomly selects a task for the participant

Instructions

The instructions are not original to Treadway et al (2009). They are provided by Millisecond.
They can be edited under section Editable Instructions.

Scoring

Interaction Data:
This script provides the data for all proportion of Hard choices and selection time of Hard Choices for all
3 win probabilities x 8 reward levels. This data (particular for the extreme pairings) might give
further insight into an individual's motivational decision making.

Summary Data

File Name: effortexpenditureforrewardtask_summary*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
startDate Date the session was run
startTime Time the session was run
subjectId Participant ID
groupId Group number
sessionId Session number
elapsedTime Session duration in ms
inquisit.version Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
completed 0 = Test was not completed
1 = Test was completed
Summary Data: Based On Full Cycles Only (Trial Sequences That Were Cut Short Due To Time Constraints Do Not Count Towards Summary Variables)
randomwin1 Stores the first randomly selected win amount (in case this is used for an extra incentive)
randomwin2 Stores the second randomly selected win amount (in case this is used for an extra incentive)
total Stores the total of all rewards earned
countTestTrials Counts the number of testtrials (forced + unforced)
countForced Counts the number of times computer had to randomly select a level of difficulty for participant
The Following Variables Only Use Performance Metrics From Trials That Were Not Forced (Aka Not Randomly Assigned By Computer After 5S)
Note: Changes To The Summary Variables Were Made On 07-16-2026; For Earlier Scripts Refer To The Respective Manuals
countValidTestTrials Counts the number of unforced selections during the test
countEasy Counts the number of easy trials
countHard Counts the number of hard trials
countSuccessEasy Counts the number of successful easy trials
countSuccessHard Counts the number of successful hard trials
meanTaskDurationE Mean successful taskduration (pressing button; in ms) of the easy task
meanTaskDurationH Mean successful taskduration (pressing button; in ms) of the hard task
meanRTSelection Mean latency (in ms) of selection
meanRTH Mean latency (in ms) of hard selections
meanRTE Mean latency (in ms) of easys selections
propH Overall proportion of non-forced choices of the difficult task relative to the number of all non-forced selections
=> Overall preference metric
propHP1 Proportion of non-forced choices of the difficult task relative to the number of all non-forced selections for win probability level1
propHP2 Proportion of non-forced choices of the difficult task relative to the number of all non-forced selections for win probability level2
propHP3 Proportion of non-forced choices of the difficult task relative to the number of all non-forced selections for win probability level3
All Interaction Cells (For Proportion Hard Choices And Selection Time)
propHP1R1 Proportion Hard Choices for Level1 probability (low win probability: 12%) and Level1 reward (lowest reward level)
..
propHP2R8 Example of a conflict trial
proportion Hard Choices for Level2 probability (mid win probability: 50%) and Level8 reward (highest reward level)
=> 'Does the possible high reward offset the uncertain chance of winning it?'
...
propHP3R8 Proportion Hard Choices for Level3 probability (high win probability: 88%) and Level8 reward (highest reward level)
meanRTHP1R1 Mean selection time (in ms) for choosing the Hard task for Level1 probability (low win probability: 12%) and Level1 reward (lowest reward level)
...
meanRTHP2R8 Example of a conflict trial
mean selection time (in ms) for choosing the Hard task for Level2 probability (mid win probability: 50%) and Level8 reward (highest reward level)
.
meanRTHP3R8 Mean selection time (in ms) for choosing the Hard task for Level3 probability (high win probability: 88%) and Level1 reward (highest reward level)

Raw Data

File Name: effortexpenditureforrewardtask_raw*.iqdat

Data Fields

NameDescription
date Date the session was run
time Time the session was run
subject Participant ID
group Group number
session Session number
build Inquisit version number
computer.platform Device platform: win | mac |ios | android
computer.touch 0 = device has no touchscreen capabilities; 1 = device has touchscreen capabilities
computer.hasKeyboard 0 = no external keyboard detected; 1 = external keyboard detected
blockcode The name the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
blocknum The number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialcode The name of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum The number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialnum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run
even those that do not store data to the data file.
practice 0 = test; 1 = practice
countTestTrials Counts the number of COMPLETED testtrials
rewardEasy The potential reward assigned to the Easy task (default: "1.00")
rewardHard The currently assigned reward amount for the hard task
rewardHardLevel The level of the assigned hard reward amount (1-8)
winProbability The currently assigned win probability
winProbabilityLevel The level of the assigned win probability (1-3)
selectionResponse The key scancode of the selection response
forced 1 = the task difficulty was randomly assigned to participant (did not choose themselves)
0 = participant selected difficulty
selectedDifficulty The task difficulty chosen/assigned: 0 = easy task; 1 = hard task
selectedTask "easy" vs. "hard"
selectionrt The latency of the selection in ms (excludes forced choices)
countPresses Counts the button presses of the current trial
finalTaskDuration The duration (in ms) spent on the task (pressing buttons)
success 1 = task was successfully completed; 0 = task was not completed
win 1 = the successful completion is rewarded; 0 = the successful completion is not rewarded
currentReward The currently assigned (potential) reward amount for the task chosen
total Stores the total of all rewards earned

Parameters

The procedure can be adjusted by setting the following parameters.

NameDescriptionDefault
Colors
screenColor The color of the 'inactive' screenwhite
canvasColor The color of the 'active' screen
if changed, you may need to change the taskselection images
white
defaultTextColor The default text colorblack
Design
rewardEasy The potential reward assigned to the Easy task "1.00"
easyPresses Number of button presses for the Easy task 30
hardPresses Number of button presses for the Hard task 100
maxPayOff Default: ""; no maximum payoff is set
If set to a number, then the script terminates when that number is reached
""
showTimer Show a timer while performing the taskfalse
Timing Parameters
completeTaskDuration The duration of the completed task in ms -> 20min1200000
selectionWindow The max. response window to make the task selection in ms 5000
readyDuration The duration of the Ready screen in ms 1000
easyDuration The max. duration of the Easy task in ms 7000
hardDuration The max. duration of the Hard task in ms 21000
successFeedbackDuration The duration of the feedback screen regarding success/failure in ms 2000
winFeedbackDuration The duration of the feedback screen regarding the reward money won in ms 2000
Response Keys
responseKeyEasy The response key for the Easy selection "E"
responseKeyHard The response key for the Hard selection "I"