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Alcohol Go/Nogo Task
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Script Author: Katja Borchert, Ph.D. (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC
Date: 12-21-2017
last updated: 09-25-2024 by K. Borchert (katjab@millisecond.com) for Millisecond Software, LLC
Script Copyright © 09-25-2024 Millisecond Software
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BACKGROUND INFO
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Go/Nogo Tasks are used as behavioral measures of inhibition and cognitive control. The Alcohol Go/No Tasks leverages
this paradigm to investigate cognitive control to alcoholic stimuli.
The implemented procedure is based on:
Reference:
Amesa, S.L., Wong, S.W., Bechara, A., Cappelli, C., Dust, M., Grenard, J.L., & Alan W. Stacy, A.W. (2014).
Neural correlates of a Go/NoGo task with alcohol stimuli in light and heavy young drinkers.
Behavioural Brain Research, 274, 382–389.
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TASK DESCRIPTION
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This is a basic go-nogo task. Participants are asked to press the spacebar for a go-stimulus (here: non-alcoholic beverages)
and withhold the response for nogo stimuli (here: alcoholic beverages).
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DURATION
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the default set-up of the script takes appr. 15 minutes to complete
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DATA OUTPUT DICTIONARY
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The fields in the data files are:
(1) Raw data file: 'alcoholgonogo_raw*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)*
build: The specific Inquisit version used (the 'build') that was run
computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android)
date, time: date and time script was run
subject, group: with the current subject/groupnumber
session: with the current session id
blockCode, blockNum: the name and number of the current block (built-in Inquisit variable)
trialCode, trialNum: the name and number of the currently recorded trial (built-in Inquisit variable)
Note: trialNum is a built-in Inquisit variable; it counts all trials run; even those
that do not store data to the data file such as feedback trials. Thus, trialNum
may not reflect the number of main trials run per block.
phase: "practice" vs "test"
practiceBlocks: running count of the number of practice blocks run
fixationDuration: stores the sampled fixation duration (in ms) for the current trial
stim: stores the item presented as go/nogo stimulus
response: the participant's response (scancode of response button):
57 = space bar
0 = no response
correct: accuracy of response: 1 = correct response; 0 = otherwise
latency: the response latency (in ms); measured from: onset of stimulus until response or trial time out
list.acc.mean: proportion correct responses in the current block
(2) Summary data file: 'alcoholgonogo_summary*.iqdat' (a separate file for each participant)*
inquisit.version: Inquisit version run
computer.platform: the platform the script was run on (win/mac/ios/android)
startDate: date script was run
startTime: time script was started
subjectId: assigned subject id number
groupId: assigned group id number
sessionId: assigned session id number
elapsedTime: time it took to run script (in ms); measured from onset to offset of script
completed: 0 = script was not completed (prematurely aborted);
1 = script was completed (all conditions run)
practiceBlocks: number of practice blocks run
failPractice: 1 (true)= participant failed practice (mean proportion correct during the last practice block < minPracticeAcc);
and test was skipped.
0 (false)= participant passed practice
if test was run (Practice Failure = 0):
numberGoTrials: number of Go trials in the test block ("non-alcoholic beverages")
numberNoGoTrials: number of Nogo trials in the test block
hitRate: calculates the Hit rate (hit = proportion of correctly hitting the spacebar for go-trials)
missRate: the Miss rate (1-hitRate)
faRate*: calculates the False Alarm (commission) rate
(FA = proportion of incorrectly hitting the spacebar for nogo-trials)
=> the higher the commission rate, the lower cognitive control in the face of alcoholic stimuli
correctRejectRate: the Correct Rejection rate (1-faRate)
//signal detection measures:
zHitRate: calculates the z-score for the hitRate. Adjustments are made if the hitRate = 0 (increased to 0.005) or 1 (decreased to 0.995)*
zFARate*: calculates the z-score for the false alarm rate. Adjustments are made if the faRate = 0 (increased to 0.005) or 1 (decreased to 0.995)*
dPrime: Computes d' (parametric measure of discriminability btw. signals and noise)
=> Range (in this script):
-5.1516586840152740479 <= dprime <= 5.1516586840152740479 (=perfect performance)
=> The higher the value, the better signals (non-alcoholic stimuli) were overall distinguished from noise (alcoholic stimuli)
and thus the less distraction alcoholic stimuli presented
(d' = 0: chance performance; negative d-primes: participant treated nontargets as targets and targets as nontargets)
c: c-criterion in signal detection:The absolute value of c provides an indication of the strength of
the response bias/response style
negative: participant more likely to report that signal (non-alcoholic stimuli) is present (liberal response style);
may favor faster responding in speed-accuracy trade-off response paradigms
positive: favoring caution (conservative response style)
meanRTHits: mean response times (ms) of hits during test trials
sdRTHits: standard deviation of hit latencies during test trials
medianRTHits: median response times (ms) of hits during test trials
minRTHit: minimum response time (ms) of hits during test trials (= fastest hit response)
maxRTHit: maximum response time (ms) of hits during test trials (= slowest hit response)
*Adjustments to z-scores as recommended by:
Gregg, A. & Sedikides, C. (2010). Narcissistic Fragility:
Rethinking Its Links to Explicit and Implicit Self-esteem, Self and Identity, 9:2, 142-161 (p.148)
* separate data files: to change to one data file for all participants (on Inquisit Lab only), go to section
"DATA" and follow further instructions
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EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
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1. Practice Block: (default settings - see section Editable Parameters for possible changes)
- max. 8 practice blocks
- each practice blocks runs 10 trials
- if proportion correct of the current practice block is >= 0.9 (editable default setting), practice ends and the test phase commences
- proportion correct after the 8th practice block is still < 0.9 (editable default setting), the task prematurely aborts
- errorfeedback (red X) during practice trials
2. Test Block: (default settings - see section Editable Parameters for possible changes)
- 200 trials total => 160 go trials: 40 nogo trials
- order of go and nogo trials is randomly determined
- no errorfeedback
Trial Timings:
fixation cross (variable duration)* ->
stim presentation for max. 1500ms (if no response is given trial terminates after 1500ms after onset of stim;
if response is provided before 1500ms a fixation cross replaces the stim for the remainder of the 1500ms stim duration)->
next trial: fixation cross -> ...
*fixation cross timings: see list.fixationDurations under section Editable Lists
By default, the script selects randomly with replacement from durations 1000-3000 (steps of 100ms)
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STIMULI
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provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited under section Editable Stimuli
Note: the stimuli presented are based on the stimuli used by Amesa et al (2014).
Additional stimuli can be added to item.goStims and item.nogoStims
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INSTRUCTIONS
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provided by Millisecond Software - can be edited under section Editable Instructions.
The instructions provided are not original to Amesa et al (2014).
Note: if additional stimuli are added to the design, 'gonogo_intro.htm' might have to be edited to
display the added stimuli.
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EDITABLE CODE
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check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc.
Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code
to further customize your experiment.
The parameters you can change are:
check below for (relatively) easily editable parameters, stimuli, instructions etc.
Keep in mind that you can use this script as a template and therefore always "mess" with the entire code to further customize your experiment.
The parameters you can change are:
/fixationSize: proportional height of fixation cross (proportional to canvas height) (default: 8%)
/picSize: proportional height of images (proportional to canvas height) (default: 50%)
/numberOfTestTrials: the number of test trials that should be run (default: 200)
Note: if this number is changed, the new number should work with parameters 'goFrequency/nogoFrequency'
/goFrequency: proportion of go trials to be run (default: 0.8)
/noGoFrequency: proportion of nogo trials to be run (default: 0.2)
Note: these proportions should result in integer numbers of trials given the numberOfTesttrials
/readyDuration: the duration (in ms) of the 'get ready trial' (default: 2000ms)
/stimDuration: the duration (in ms) of the image presentations (default: 1500ms)
Note: participants have the entire stimDuration to respond
/maxPracticeBlocks: the maximum number of practice blocks to be run (default: 8)
/trialsPerPracticeBlock: the number of trials per practice blocks
Note: the number should be an even number, as the ratio of go:nogo trials = 1:1 during practice
/minPracticeAcc: the cut-off proportion correct during practice to stop the practice phase (default: 0.9)
Notes:
- with 10 trials per block (default), participant can only make 1 error to pass the current
practice block
- to remove the performance constraint, set minPracticeAcc = 0. In this case, participants
run one practice block and move on to the test regardless of practice performance.
